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2022-23 Catalog ARCHIVED CATALOG: Content may no longer be accurate.

Course Descriptions

 
  

  • BTNY 2950 - Elementary Field Botany

    Credits: (1-2)
    Description: Fundamentals of Botany as observed during field trips. Trips will be preceded by lectures and exercises designed to prepare the student for maximizing the learning experience in the field. The course involves extensive pre- and post-trip exercises and evaluation.
    May be repeated once for a maximum of 2 credit hours.
    Note: This course is not currently offered.
  

  • BTNY 3105 - Anatomy of Vascular Plants

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to purchase consumable supplies for hands-on labs and to maintain and replace lab equipment as needed.
    Description: Anatomy of Vascular Plants explores the internal structures of higher plants. This course examines the structural organization of higher plants at all levels of organization – from the subcellular, to cellular, to tissue, to organism level—and pays close attention to how structure begets function from the subcellular to the ecological level. Additionally, students will learn different technical methods and equipment used to study plants’ internal structures.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104 , BTNY 2114 , BTNY 2121 , & (BTNY 2600  OR GEO 2600  OR MICR 2600 , OR PHYS 2600 , OR CHEM 2600 .)
  

  • BTNY 3153 - Biology of the Plant Cell

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A study of plant cell structure and function, including biogenesis and activities of organelles, signal transduction, cell-cell interactions, and the molecular processes involved in cellular development and specialization as well as cellular responses. Three hours of lecture per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114 , CHEM 1120  or CHEM 2310 .
  

  • BTNY 3204 - Plant Physiology

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to purchase consumable supplies for hands-on labs and to maintain and replace lab equipment as needed.
    Description: A study of the physiological processes of plants, including carbon metabolism, mineral assimilation, water relations, and stress responses. Two hours of lecture and two 3-hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2600  and BTNY 2104 , CHEM 1120  or CHEM 2310 , and MATH 1040  or MATH 1050  or MATH 1080 .
  

  • BTNY 3214 - Soils

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to purchase consumable supplies for hands-on labs and to maintain and replace lab equipment as needed and field trip transportation.
    Description: An introduction to the fundamental principles of soil science. Chemical, physical, geological, and biological properties of soils; Course will examine the role of soils as a fundamental ecological constraint through space and time on patterns and processes, such as plant distribution, nutrient cycling, and cycling of water between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere. Course will also examine the human dimensions of soils as a natural resource, and the historical and current environmental impact of soil use and management.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): (BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121 ) or (GEO 1110 ) and (CHEM 1110  or CHEM 1210 ) and (BTNY 2600  or CHEM 2600  or GEO 2600  or MICR 2600  or PHYS 2600 ).
    Course is cross listed with GEO 3214 .
  
  

  • BTNY 3454 - Plant Ecology

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to supply and maintain field equipment and support transportation for field trips.
    Description: Nature and development of plant communities and their relations to the environmental factors controlling them.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and (MATH 1040  or MATH 1050  or MATH 1080 ).
  

  • BTNY 3473 - Plant Geography

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A study of global and regional distributions of major plant groups and communities as affected by past and present climates, biological, ecological and geomorphic factors.
    Three lectures per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114 .
  

  • BTNY 3504 - Mycology

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem odd years
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to purchase consumable supplies for hands-on labs and to maintain and replace lab equipment as needed and offset the costs of DNA sequencing.
    Description: Structure, taxonomy, biology, and physiology of the fungi.
    Two hours of lecture and two 2-hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): (BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121 ) or MICR 2054 , and BTNY/CHEM/GEO/MICR/PHYS 2600.
  

  • BTNY 3514 - Algology

    Credits: (4)
    Description: A study of the biology of algae, their morphology, cytology, development, taxonomy, ecology, economic and experimental uses.
    Two hours of lecture and two 2-hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114 , or MICR 2054 , or ZOOL 4480 .
    Note: This course is not currently offered.
  

  • BTNY 3523 - Marine Biology

    Credits: (3)
    Description: A study of marine biology and ecology, relating to the plant and animal populations of the sea to their various habitats, including the pelagic environment, the sea bottom, sea shores, and estuaries.
    Two hours of lecture and one 2-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2114 , or ZOOL 1110 , or MICR 2054 , or GEO 3010 .
    Note: This course is not currently offered.
  

  • BTNY 3570 - Foundations of Science Education

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A thorough investigation of research in science learning and curricular standards at the state and national levels. Foundations of the philosophy of science and scientific inquiry as applicable to science teaching at the secondary level. This course serves as a foundation to a preservice science teacher’s education coursework.
  

  • BTNY 3583 - Medicinal Plants-Chemistry and Use

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $30.00
    Course Fee Purpose: The course fee is used to purchase consumable supplies for hands-on labs and to maintain and replace lab equipment as needed.
    Description: A study of plants and herbal preparations widely used in maintaining health and treating disease in traditional and modern societies. Active ingredients, modern use and side effects will be studied. In lab, students will learn to analyze plants, over-the-counter-drugs and herbal supplements for active ingredients. Students will also learn how to make extractions and preparations from plant materials. This course is especially useful for students interested in careers in Pharmacy, Ethnobotany, Natural Medicine, Nursing and Medicine. 
    Two hours of lecture and two 3 hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1120  or (CHEM 2310  and CHEM 2315 ), and (MATH 1040  or MATH 1050  or MATH 1080 ).
  

  • BTNY 3624 - Taxonomy of Vascular Plants

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Blk
    Course Fee: $20.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Course fees are used to purchase plant curation supplies, to cover costs of field trips for plant collecting, and to provide a reserve fund to repair or replace microscopes as needed.
    Description: A study of the basic principles and concepts of vascular plant systematics with emphasis on the identification and classification of flowering plants.
    Two hours of lecture and two 2-hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104 , BTNY 2114 , and BTNY/CHEM/GEO/MICR/PHYS 2600.
  

  • BTNY 3643 - Intermountain Flora

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A taxonomic study of plants that are of major importance to the management of wildland resources. Students will learn to identify 300 of the most important grasses, woody plants, and marsh-aquatic plants. Considers federal laws for the regulation of rare and endangered species and habitat designation.
    One hour of lecture and two 2-hour labs per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 3624 .
  

  • BTNY 4113 - Plant Evolution

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: The Plant Evolution course focuses on two broad areas: 1) the patterns of evolution of plants from prokaryotes to seed plants and 2) current patterns and processes of evolution among plants.  The first area will involve an examination of the evolutionary patterns of plants, with a focus on land plants, and will include tracing patterns of evolution from prokaryotes to eukaryotes to land plants to vascular plants to seed plants.  This section of the course will explore patterns, evolutionary innovations, and notable taxa throughout the history of plants.  The second area will involve an investigation of the current patterns and processes influencing plant evolution.  This includes variation within and among populations, strategies for reproduction and breeding systems in plants, patterns of selection, speciation, macroevolution, etc.  We will not only discuss these aspects of plant evolution but also delve into modern (and previous) methods for examining patterns and processes of evolution in plants.  
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114 .
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: BTNY 2121 .
    Note: This course is not currently offered.
  

  • BTNY 4252 - Cell Culture

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Basic methods and applications for culturing plant and animal cells in vitro.
    Two 2-hour combined lecture and laboratory sessions per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  or MICR 2054 .
    Crosslisted with MICR 4252 .
  

  • BTNY 4570 - Secondary School Science Teaching Methods

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Acquaintance and practice with various teaching and assessment methods. Development of science curricula including lesson and unit plans. It is recommended that this course be completed immediately before student teaching.
    Pre-requisite(s): Admission to the Teacher Education Program.
  

  • BTNY 4750 - Topics in Botany

    Credits: (1-5)
    Variable Title
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: An exploration of selected topics in the discipline. The specific title and credit authorized will appear on the student transcript.  
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114 , and any specified courses selected by the instructor.
    Course may be repeated up to 10 times for credit. 
  

  • BTNY 4800 - Individual Research

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121 , two upper division Botany courses, and approval of instructor.
    Course may be repeated up to 10 times for credit.
  

  • BTNY 4830 - Readings in Botany

    Credits: (1-3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Independent readings in botany under the direction of a faculty member. 
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121 , two upper division Botany courses, and approval of instructor.
    May be repeated up to four times for a maximum of 6 credit hours.
  

  • BTNY 4840 - Thesis Readings

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Literature search and evaluation, culminating in the writing of a thesis proposal.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121 , two upper division Botany courses, and approval of thesis advisor.
    Course may be repeated once for a maximum of 4 credit hours.
  

  • BTNY 4850 - Thesis Research

    Credits: (1-4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Independent research related to a student’s approved thesis proposal.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2600  and BTNY 4840  and (MATH 1040  or MATH 1050  or MATH 1080 ) and approval of thesis advisor.
    May be repeated for a maximum of 8 credit hours.
  

  • BTNY 4890 INT - Cooperative Work Experience

    Credits: (1-6)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Open to all students in Botany Department programs of study who meet the minimum Cooperative Work Experience requirements of the department. Provides academic credit for on-the-job experience. Grade and amount of credit will be determined by the department. 
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104 , BTNY 2114 , BTNY 2121 , two upper-division Botany courses, and instructor approval.
    Course may be repeated 5 times for a maximum of 6 credit hours.
  

  • BTNY 4920 - Short Courses, Workshops, Institutes, and Special Programs

    Credits: (1-6)
    Workshop
    Description: Consult the class schedule for the current offering under this number. The specific title and credit authorized will appear on the student transcript.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104  and BTNY 2114  and BTNY 2121  and any specified courses selected by the instructor.
    May be repeated for a total maximum of 6 credit hours.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • BTNY 4950 - Advanced Field Botany

    Credits: (3-5)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A concentrated study of the flora and/or field methods for conducting surveys or ecological studies in a specific geographical region. This course generally involves an extended field trip conducting botanical fieldwork in addition to local fieldwork and/or study to prepare for and summarize trip results. 
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2104 , BTNY 2114 , BTNY 2121 , BTNY 2600 , and any specified courses selected by the instructor, and consent of the instructor.
  

  • BTNY 4970 - Botany Thesis

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Written report of thesis research in the form of a scientific paper.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 4850  and approval of instructor (thesis advisor).
  

  • BTNY 4990 - Botany Capstone Seminar

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Oral presentation of an individual research, thesis research, library research, or internship project in which the student demonstrates understanding of science as a process. This course includes the final evaluation of the student’s portfolio and should be taken the last semester of the senior year.
    Pre-requisite(s): BTNY 2121  and Senior status.
  

  • BTNY 5030G - Botany for Teachers

    Credits: (2-5)
    Description: Science content course for teachers in MEd Science Emphasis Program. To register, select another departmental course and develop a contract detailing additional work required for graduate credit. Contract must be approved by instructor, department chair, and Director of the Master of Education Program.
    Course may be repeated up to 10 times.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 1010 PS - Introductory Chemistry

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: This is a lecture-demonstration class designed to introduce the subject of chemistry and requires no prior chemistry experience.  This class is designed for students who will not be majoring in a discipline that requires any further chemistry coursework.  This course is not intended to prepare students for any future chemistry coursework.
  

  • CHEM 1110 PS - Elementary Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: Fundamentals of inorganic chemistry and introduction to organic chemistry. The first course in a two-semester sequence designed primarily for students of nursing, engineering technology and some other fields of science and health professions who require no more than one year of chemistry.
    Four hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1115 . 
  

  • CHEM 1115 - Elementary Chemistry Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem - Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem - Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem - Online
    Course Fee: $35.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: CHEM 1115 is the lab course designed to accompany CHEM 1110 . Students will be introduced to lab safety and lab techniques associated with fundamentals of inorganic chemistry and introduction to organic chemistry. The first lab course in a two-semester sequence designed primarily for students of nursing, engineering technology and some other fields of science and health professions who require no more than one year of chemistry.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1110 .
  

  • CHEM 1120 - Elementary Organic Bio-Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: Elementary study of the compounds of carbon and chemical compounds and reactions of biological systems. The second course in a two-semester sequence designed primarily for students of nursing, engineering technology and some other fields of science and health professions who require no more than one year of chemistry.
    Four hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1110  or equivalent.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1125 .
  

  • CHEM 1125 - Elementary Organic Bio-Chemistry Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Course Fee: $35.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Students will be introduced to lab techniques associated with organic chemistry and biochemistry. This is the second lab course in a two-semester sequence designed primarily for students of nursing, engineering technology and some other fields of science and health professions who require no more than one year of chemistry.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1120 .
  

  • CHEM 1130 PS - Introduction to General, Organic & Biochemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: An introduction to general, organic and biochemistry designed primarily for students of nursing and other majors that require no more than one semester of chemistry. 4 hours of lecture per week.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1135 . 
  

  • CHEM 1135 - Introduction to General, Organic & Biochemistry Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Course Fee: $35.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: CHEM 1135 is the lab course designed to accompany CHEM 1130 . Students will be introduced to lab safety and lab techniques associated with fundamentals of inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, and biochemistry.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1130 .
  

  • CHEM 1200 - Preparation for College Chemistry

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: CHEM 1200 prepares students to take the CHEM 1210  -1220  chemistry series. No prior chemistry experience is necessary, however, mathematical and problem-solving competency at the level of intermediate algebra (MATH 1010 ) or above is expected. Students who do not plan to take Chemistry 1210-1220 series should not take this class. This course does not fulfill any general education requirements and does not apply towards hours in any major.
    Three hours of lecture per week.
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: MATH 1010 , MATH 1050 , MATH 1080 , MATH 1210 , MATH 1220 , or MATH 2210 .
  

  • CHEM 1210 PS - Principles of Chemistry I

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: This is the first course in a series designed primarily for science majors and others who will take more than one year of chemistry such as pre-medical students, clinical/medical laboratory scientists, and some engineering students. Course topics include components of matter, stoichiometry, major classes of reactions, gases and kinetic molecular theory, thermochemistry, quantum theory and atomic structure, models of chemical bonding, shapes of molecules, intermolecular forces, and properties of mixtures. The laboratory emphasizes qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. Four hours of lecture per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): MATH 1010  or equivalent and CHEM 1200  or departmental approval.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1215 . 
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: MATH 1050 , MATH 1080 , MATH 1210 , MATH 1220 , MATH 2210 , or equivalent. 
  

  • CHEM 1215 - Principles of Chemistry I Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Block
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: CHEM 1215 is the lab course designed to accompany CHEM 1210 . This is the first laboratory course in a series designed primarily for science majors and others who will take more than one year of chemistry such as pre-medical students, clinical/medical laboratory scientists, and some engineering students. This laboratory emphasizes qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1210 . 
  

  • CHEM 1220 - Principles of Chemistry II

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 2nd Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: This is the second course in a series designed primarily for science majors and others who will take more than one year of chemistry such as pre-medical students, clinical/medical laboratory scientists, and some engineering students. Course topics include kinetics, equilibrium including aqueous solution equilibrium, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, and an introduction to inorganic, nuclear, and organic chemistry.
    Four hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): MATH 1050  or MATH 1080  or MATH 1210  or MATH 1220  or MATH 2210  or equivalent and CHEM 1210 /1215 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1225 . 
  

  • CHEM 1225 - Principles of Chemistry II Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 2nd Block
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: CHEM 1225 is the lab course designed to accompany CHEM 1220 . Students will be introduced to lab safety and lab techniques associated with fundamentals of inorganic chemistry including kinetics, equilibrium, acids and bases, thermodynamics, electrochemistry, nuclear chemistry, and transition metal chemistry. The second lab course in a two-semester sequence designed primarily for science majors.
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1220 . 
  

  • CHEM 1230 - Engineering Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 1235  
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: MATH 1050 . 
  

  • CHEM 1235 - Engineering Chemistry Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $0.00
    Description: The lab component to foundational chemistry for engineers. By the end of class, students will:

    • Determine chemical hazards.
    • Perform chemical reactions and analysis safely.
    • Set up reaction procedures, and calculate yields.
    • Use appropriate glassware correctly, and report their properties accurately and precisely.
    • Have a basic knowledge of the following instrumentation: calorimeters, pressure sensors, spectrometers.
  

  • CHEM 1360 PS - Principles of Physical Science

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A lecture/laboratory course designed to provide an introduction to the scientific method and its application to the study of selected topics in physics and chemistry.
    Two hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.

    Recommended for Elementary Education majors.
  

  • CHEM 2310 - Organic Chemistry I

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Principles of organic chemistry, including structure and reactivity of carbon based molecules. Detailed study of mechanisms, synthesis, and reactions. Alkane, alkyl halide, alkyne, alcohol, and ether families are covered.
    Four hours of lecture a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 2315  lab.
  

  • CHEM 2315 - Organic Chemistry I Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Lab course designed to be taken with CHEM 2310 . Includes organic laboratory techniques, synthesis, product isolation, spectroscopy and analysis.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 2310  lecture.
  

  • CHEM 2320 - Organic Chemistry II

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 2nd Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Principles of organic chemistry, second semester. A continuation of structure and reactivity analysis, along with structure elucidation techniques, spectroscopy and synthetic reactions. Coverage includes aromatics, carbonyls, carboxylic acid derivatives, and sugars.
    Four hours of lecture a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2310  and CHEM 2315 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 2325  lab.
  

  • CHEM 2325 - Organic Chemistry II Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 2nd Blk
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Lab course designed to be taken with CHEM 2320 . Includes organic laboratory techniques, synthesis, product isolation, spectroscopy and analysis.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2310  and CHEM 2315 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 2320  lecture.
  

  • CHEM 2600 - Laboratory Safety

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: An interdisciplinary, team-taught course that will be an overview of the major chemical, biological and physical safety issues related to science laboratories and field work.
    Class will meet once per week and will be taught in a lecture/demonstration format.
  

  • CHEM 2820 - Elements of Research in the Sciences

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: This interdisciplinary course provides concrete skills for productive entry-level scientific research. Students engage in a hands-on introduction to scientific research and methods, including an introduction to sample handling, data analysis, and dissemination of results through papers and presentations. Upon completion of the course, a student will be prepared for potential internships, summer research programs, and research assistantships both on and off campus. 
    Pre-requisite(s): MATH 1060  or MATH 1080  or MATH 1210 ; and CHEM 1210  or PHYS 2210  or PHYS 2010  or (GEO 1110  and GEO 1115 ).
    Cross-listed with GEO 2820  and PHYS 2820 .
  

  • CHEM 2890 INT - Cooperative Work Experience

    Credits: (1-6)
    Description: Open to all students in the Chemistry Department who meet the minimum Cooperative Work Experience requirements of the department. Provides academic credit for on-the-job experience. Grade and amount of credit will be determined by the department.
    May be repeated 5 times with a maximum of 6 credit hours.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 2920 - Short Courses, Workshops, Institutes, and Special Programs

    Credits: (1-6)
    Workshop
    Description: Consult the class schedule for the current offering under this number. The specific title with the credit authorized will appear on the student transcript.
    May be repeated for a total maximum of 6 credit hours.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 2990 - Chemical Technician Seminar

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A course designed to provide the skills necessary to enter the job market as a Chemical Technician.
    One hour of lecture/discussion a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220 .
  

  • CHEM 3000 - Quantitative Analysis

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $30.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Theory and methods of gravimetric and volumetric analysis and simple instrumentation. Includes statistical evaluation of results.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220 .
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: CHEM 3020 .
  

  • CHEM 3005 - Quantitative Analysis Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Course Fee: $30.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: CHEM 3005 is a stand-alone lab course designed to accommodate transfer students from other Universities. CHEM 3005 registration will be allowed only by special permission from the Chair of Chemistry. Transfer students who have taken the CHEM 3000  lecture without the lab should petition the Chair of the Chemistry Department for permission to take this course.
    Pre-requisite(s): Must have completed or currently be enrolled in CHEM 3000  lecture.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 3020 - Computer Applications in Chemistry

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A course designed to provide students computer skills for applications including computation and electronic data bases searches. It is required that this course be taken before or with CHEM 3000 .
    One hour of lecture/discussion a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1210 .
  

  • CHEM 3050 - Instrumental Analysis

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $25.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Theory and methods of modern instrumental analysis. Includes practical applications in electrochemical, spectrometric, and chromatographic techniques.
    Three hours of lecture and one three hour laboratory per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3000 .
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 3060 - Applied Analysis

    Credits: (1)
    Course Fee: $0.00
    Description: Applied Analysis using modern methods of analysis with an emphasis on speed and accuracy.
    One 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3000 .
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: CHEM 3050 .
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 3070 - Biochemistry I

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $0.00
    Description: Structure and function of biomolecules including proteins, nucleic acids, fats and carbohydrates. A focus on proteins as energy transforming and catalytic devices; their role in metabolism, defense and other biochemical processes. Three lectures a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2310  and CHEM 2315 .
  

  • CHEM 3075 - Biochemistry I Lab

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Biochemistry lab course designed to accompany Biochemistry I Lecture, CHEM 3070 . Includes biochemical concept illustration using chemical and biological techniques and experimentation.
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite:  CHEM 3070 .
  

  • CHEM 3080 - Biochemistry II

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A detailed study of the molecular basis of life: nucleic acids, biosynthetic pathways, molecular aspects of disease and pharmacology.
    Three lectures a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2320 , CHEM 2325 , and CHEM 3070 .
  

  • CHEM 3090 - Biochemical Techniques

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $10.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Advanced techniques including instrumentation for biochemistry.
    One 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2320 , CHEM 2325 , and CHEM 3070 .
    Pre-requisite/Co-requisite: CHEM 3080 .
  

  • CHEM 3400 - Molecular Symmetry and Applied Math for Physical Chemistry

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: An introduction to molecular symmetry, experimental error analysis, and physical chemistry applications of algebra, linear algebra, and differential equations.
    Pre-requisite(s): MATH 1220 .
    Co-Requisite(s): CHEM 3410 .
  

  • CHEM 3410 - Foundations in Physical Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: NA
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $15.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: The one-semester foundation course in Physical Chemistry covering chemical thermodynamics, kinetics with an introduction to quantum mechanics.  Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): MATH 1220 , PHYS 2220 , CHEM 3000 , ENGL 2010 .
  

  • CHEM 3510 - Environmental Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $40.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Fees for this course are used to defray the cost of chemicals and other expendable laboratory materials, as well as for the purchase, maintenance, and repair of laboratory equipment. To help minimize lab fees, students are expected to exercise careful use of chemicals, glassware, and laboratory equipment.
    Description: CHEM 3510 focuses on the chemical processes that determine how matter moves through environmental systems. The course emphasizes chemical equilibrium, mass transport, and the relative timescales of chemical, physical, and biological processes in the environment. The lab portion of this course develops students’ benchtop chemistry and programming skills in the context of researching the fate of a chemical product in the environment. All laboratory data analysis and calculations will be carried out using the Python programming language.
     
  

  • CHEM 3570 - Foundations of Science Education

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A thorough investigation of research in science learning and curricular standards at the state and national levels. Foundations of the philosophy of science and scientific inquiry as applicable to science teaching at the secondary level. This course serves as a foundation to a preservice science teacher’s education coursework.
  

  • CHEM 3610 - Foundations in Inorganic Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $35.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: A foundation course for chemistry majors and minors.  Topics include atomic properties, bonding, molecular symmetry, solid state structures, and transition metal complexes.  This class will meet for 3 hours each week with one 3 hour laboratory per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220 , and MATH 1060  or MATH 1080 .
  

  • CHEM 4150 - Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

    Credits: (2)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description:

    NMR theory is investigated from a semi-classical standpoint and practiced on an NMR spectrometer. Pulse and Fourier transform NMR basics are developed and common one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments are described.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 2320 , CHEM 2325 , MATH 1220 , and PHYS 2220  with lab.
  

  • CHEM 4250 CRE - Medicinal Chemistry

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Description: Medicinal chemistry is a fast-paced and important field that has direct impacts on overall world health and quality of life. This 3-credit-hour course is designed for students with an interest in chemistry, biochemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. It will provide an in-depth look at how pharmacologically active molecules are designed, how they chemically interact with their targets, and how they work molecularly to treat human diseases. Selected case studies will be used to illustrate the concepts being covered. In line with our university mission, an over-arching theme will be looking at how medicinal chemistry affects our worldwide community with emphasis on patents, drug development costs, risks, and ethics.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3070 .
  

  • CHEM 4420 - Quantum Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $15.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: The second semester course of Physical Chemistry covering quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and chemical reaction dynamics.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3000  and CHEM 3410  and CHEM 3610 .
  

  • CHEM 4540 - Spectrometric and Separation Methods

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $15.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Theory and practice of spectrometric and separation methods in the study of chemical systems.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3050 .
  

  • CHEM 4550 - Geochemistry

    Credits: (3)
    Description: The chemistry of the earth and geochemical processes operating in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere with a synthesis of these ideas to account for the chemical evolution of the earth. Applications to mineral stability and chemical reactions, geochemical cycles, and isotope geochemistry.
    Three hours of lecture a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220  and GEO 2050  or consent of instructor.
    Note: This course is offered during even years.
  

  • CHEM 4560 - Environmental Geochemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description:

    Applications of chemistry to understanding Earth system cycles and assessing environmental health and safety. Course emphasizes modern surface geochemical cycles operating in the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. Applications of aqueous chemistry, geomicrobiology, and isotope geochemistry. Laboratory introduces practical skills and real-world applications. Three hours of lecture and three hours of lab per week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 1220  and GEO 3000 ; or consent of instructor.
  

  • CHEM 4570 - Secondary School Science Teaching Methods

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $15.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Acquaintance and practice with various teaching and assessment methods. Development of science curricula including lesson and unit plans. It is recommended that this course be completed immediately before student teaching.
    Pre-requisite(s): Admission to the Teacher Education Program.
  

  • CHEM 4620 - Advanced Inorganic Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $15.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Students will learn how to use symmetry and current bonding theories to explain and predict the structure, properties and reactivity of inorganic molecules. They will explore the breadth of inorganic chemistry including organometallic chemistry, bioinorganic chemistry, and catalysis. The research-based laboratory experience focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and testing of inorganic compounds using state of the art techniques and instrumentation.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3610  or permission of instructor.
  

  • CHEM 4630 - Materials Chemistry

    Credits: (4)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $20.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Materials chemistry is the study of the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of solid materials. Our technology-driven world is fueled by advances in materials chemistry with examples of application in areas such as nanomaterials, polymers, and energy technology. This survey course will focus on the synthesis of materials through gas, liquid, and solid phase reactions. Crystalline and molecular structure of materials will be related to electronic, optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Some material characterization techniques including x-ray diffraction and microscopy will be covered. The accompanying lab focuses on synthesis of advanced crystalline and amorphous materials through traditional and new techniques. Analysis with scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, uv/vis spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy is included.
    Three hours of lecture and one 3-hour lab a week.

    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 3610 .
  

  • CHEM 4700 - Special Topics in Chemistry

    Credits: (1-3)
    Variable Title
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 4420  or permission of instructor.
    This course may be repeated twice for a maximum of 3 credit hours.
  

  • CHEM 4710 - Chemical Preparations

    Credits: (1-3)
    Course Fee: $20.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Synthesis and determination of the properties of selected chemical compounds.
    Three to nine hours of lab a week.
    Pre-requisite(s): Permission of the instructor.
    Note: This course is not currently being offered.
  

  • CHEM 4800 - Research and Independent Study in Chemistry

    Credits: (1-3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $10.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Lab related chemicals and consumables.
    Description: Open to qualified students for one or more semesters.
    May be repeated for credit up to 12 times with instructor approval.
  

  • CHEM 4890 INT - Cooperative Work Experience

    Credits: (1-6)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A continuation of CHEM 2890 . Open to all students.
    May be repeated for credit up to 12 times with instructor approval.
  

  • CHEM 4920 - Short Courses, Workshops, Institutes, and Special Programs

    Credits: (1-6)
    Workshop
    Description: Consult the class schedule for the current offering under this number. The specific title and credit authorized will appear on the student transcript.
    May be repeated for a total maximum of 6 credit hours.
    Note: This course is offered as needed.
  

  • CHEM 4990 CRE - Senior Seminar

    Credits: (1)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Description: A seminar course where students will share their research results with fellow students and faculty in written and oral formats.
    Pre-requisite(s): CHEM 4800  or permission of instructor.
  

  • CHEM 5030G - Chemistry for Teachers

    Credits: (3-5)
    Description: Science content course for teachers in the M. Ed Science Emphasis Program. To register, select another departmental course and develop a contract detailing additional work required for graduate credit. Contract must be approved by instructor, department chair, and Director of the Master of Education Program.
    May be repeated twice with a maximum of 5 credit hours.
  

  • CHF 1500 SS/DV - Human Development

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: A survey course which addresses the developmental aspects of individuals across the lifespan. Course content encompasses the study of biological, cognitive, social, and emotional developmental changes of the healthy individual in the context of the family and society. It emphasizes and demonstrates the vital connections between theory, research, and application.
  

  • CHF 2400 SS/DV - Family Relations

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: 1st Blk, 1st Blk Online
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem, Full Sem Online
    Description: Examines dynamics of the healthy family using family theory, individual life span development, research, and active learning experiences.
  

  • CHF 2810 - Experimental Course

    Credits: (1-6)
    Experimental
    Description: Consult the semester class schedule for the current offering under this number. The specific title and credit authorized will appear on the student transcript.  
    May be repeated for a total maximum of 6 credit hours.
  

  • CHF 4810 - Experimental Course

    Credits: (1-6)
    Experimental
    Description: Consult the semester class schedule for the current offering under this number. The specific title and credit authorized will appear on the student transcript. 
    May be repeated for a total maximum of 6 credit hours.
  

  • CHNS 1000 - Proficiency Development

    Credits: (1-2)
    Description: (N=Novice) (Cr/NCr) Non-graded courses for entry-level students to augment foreign language instruction in stress-free activities such as reading children’s literature, learning and performing skits, folk dancing, singing, cooking, etc.
    May be repeated for credit under different titles.
    Note: Course not currently being offered.
  

  • CHNS 1010 - First Semester Chinese

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (N=Novice) Introductory course assuming no significant previous experience with the language. Beginners and students with less than two years of high school language should register for this class. Emphasis on everyday conversation and exposure to cultural perspectives.
  

  • CHNS 1020 - Second Semester Chinese

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Summer Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Typically Taught Spring Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (N=Novice) Continuation of CHNS 1010 . Basic language skills including listening, speaking, reading, writing and culture.
  

  • CHNS 1852 - Study Abroad

    Credits: (1-3)
    Description:

    (N=Novice) Language and culture studies for students with no previous experience in the target language and culture. Most assignments are performed in English. Prior travel experience does not apply.
    May be repeated twice with a maximum of 3 credit hours.
    Note: Check with Department for course availability.
  

  • CHNS 2000 - Proficiency Development

    Credits: (1-2)
    Description: (NH=Novice High) (CR/NC) Non-graded courses for second-year students to augment foreign language instruction in stress-free activities appropriate to the linguistic level of second-year students. May be repeated under different titles. Note: Course not currently being offered.
  

  • CHNS 2010 - Third Semester Chinese

    Credits: (3)
    Typically Taught Fall Semester: Full Sem
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (NH=Novice High) Continuation of CHNS 1020 . Assumes completion of first-year or equivalent experience. Students learn to understand and express ideas about their community and the world. Includes listening, speaking, reading, writing and culture.
  

  • CHNS 2020 HU - Fourth Semester Chinese

    Credits: (3)
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (NH=Novice High)  Continuation of  CHNS 2010 . The learning and application of strategies for acquiring a foreign language. Students also learn how cultural products and practices reflect a culture’s attitudes, values, ideas and meaning. The process of language acquisition and the seeking of cross-cultural understanding provide insights into the commonalities of how the human family learns, thinks and communicates.
  

  • CHNS 2021 - Second Year II

    Credits: (3)
    Description: (NH=Novice High)  Continuation of CHNS 2010  without General Education Humanities credit. Offered through examination only.
    Pre-requisite(s): Only available through testing.
  

  • CHNS 2030 - Second Year Language Review

    Credits: (3)
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (IL=Intermediate Low) This is a transition course to upper division. The course focuses on oral proficiency development. Students will learn a variety of techniques and strategies to increase their oral proficiency in a variety of social, educational and cultural settings. Native-speaking students or those who have acquired proficiency through residence in the target language community are not eligible to take this class.
    Note: Check with department for course availability.
  

  • CHNS 2851 - Study Abroad

    Credits: (3)
    Description: (NH=Novice High) Language and culture studies for students whose minimal proficiency is Novice High. Language assignments at the Novice or Intermediate-Low levels are performed in the target language. All other assignments are performed in English. Prior travel experience does not apply.
    Note: Check with Department for course availability.
  

  • CHNS 2852 - Study Abroad

    Credits: (1-3)
    Description: (NH=Novice High) Language and culture studies for students whose minimal proficiency is at Novice High. Language assignments at the Novice or Intermediate-Low levels are performed in the target language. All other assignments are performed in English. Prior travel experience does not apply.
    Twice with a maximum of 3 credit hours.
    Note: Check with Department for course availability.
  

  • CHNS 3000 - Proficiency Development

    Credits: (3)
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (IL=Intermediate Low) This is a transition course to upper division. The course focuses on oral proficiency development. Students will learn a variety of techniques and strategies to increase their oral proficiency in a variety of social, educational and cultural settings. Native-speaking students or those who have acquired proficiency through residence in the target language community are not eligible to take this class.
    Note: Check with department for course availability.
  

  • CHNS 3060 - Grammar & Composition

    Credits: (3)
    Course Fee: $8.00
    Course Fee Purpose: Maintain technology in the FL lab, EH 408, and classroom technology.
    Description: (IL=Intermediate Low) Students will read examples of writing in various modes (such as description, narration, exposition, and argument), write short compositions in those modes, and review the necessary grammar to write correctly in those modes.
 

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